Multi objective load frequency control using hybrid bacterial foraging and particle swarm optimized PI controller

Excessive load demand with reliability in power availability, demands for interconnection of large number of generating units over existing tie lines. Due to sudden change in demand, the power transfer over existing tie lines working close to their thermal limits results in low frequency power oscillations. Thus, in modern power systems the study of mitigation of these frequency oscillations is more involved and formulates the area of Load Frequency Control (LFC). Many conventional and heuristic control techniques have been recently applied to address the issue of LFC. This paper investigates load frequency control of large interconnected power system consisting of conventional and renewable energy sources, using hybrid heuristic approach. The proposed strategy is shown to result in improved system damping resulting in faster mitigation of low frequency oscillations.     

Performance prediction of hard rock Tunnel Boring Machines (TBMs) in difficult ground

Performance prediction of TBMs is an essential part of project scheduling and cost estimation. This process involves a good understanding of the complexities in the site geology, machine specification, and site management. Various approaches have been used over the years to estimate TBM performance in a given ground condition, many of them were successful and within an acceptable range, while some missing the actual machine performance by a notable margin. Experience shows that the best approach for TBM performance prediction is to use various models to examine the range of estimated machine penetration and advance rates and choose a rate that best represents the working conditions that is closest to the setting of the model used for the estimation. This allows the engineers to avoid surprises and to identify the parameters that could dominate machine performance in each case. This paper reviews the existing models for performance prediction of TBMs and some of the ongoing research on developing better models for improved accuracy of performance estimate and increasing TBM utilization.     

触摸按键在LED平板电视上的应用

本文主要介绍了触摸按键工作原理，以及在LED平板电视产品中硬件电路和软件程序是如何实现的过程，为今后在平板电视产品中设计触摸按键提供一些参考。     

Simulation of rate dependent fracture in concrete using an irregular lattice model

An irregular lattice model is used to simulate concrete fracture behavior under dynamic loadings. The numerical approach is based on rigid-body-spring networks, in which a visco-plastic damage model is applied to describe the rate dependency. A direct tensile test is simulated at various strain rates, and the dynamic strength increase is obtained in terms of dynamic increase factor (DIF). The DIFs are compared with a previous experimental and empirical study to calibrate the visco-plastic parameters. Next, a three-point-bending test is conducted numerically under impact and slow loadings, where the mixed-mode fracture is set up with a notch offset from the midspan. The rate-sensitive failure features are shown at the two different loading rates, and the rate effect on the failure mechanism is related with the peak load in the loading history. This study provides qualitative and quantitative understandings of the rate dependent failure behaviors in concrete.     

架盘扭力天平刻度盘示值误差及其校准方法

架盘扭力天平是由普通架盘天平改型的衡量仪器。由于没有相应的计量检定规程或校准规范,在校准其刻度盘示值误差时因方法不规范而存在诸多问题。本文作者根据多年从事计量检测工作的经验,对架盘扭力天平刻度盘示值误差的要求和校准方法提出了一些实用性建议。     

干湿球法测量相对湿度的误差分析

根据干湿球法测量相对湿度的原理,分析了干球温度、湿球温度、风速对相对湿度测量误差影响,对相对湿度测量合理选择测试仪表有一定的指导意义。     

密闭腔体法准确测量建材氡析出率比较研究

密闭腔体法(closed chamber method)是目前建材氡析出率测量中使用较为广泛的一种方法。使用密闭腔体法测量建材氡析出率,在建材的前处理上,大体上将长方体建材分为完全裸露、包裹留下一面和留下两面三种方法进行测量。本文从建材氡析出率测量的基本理论模型出发,细致比较分析了不同包裹方法测量得到的氡析出率的真实涵义,并结合理论分析和实验验证,提出了合理的修正方法,认为包裹留一面和留两面适合作为建材氡析出率的测量方法。     

矢量网络分析仪的校准方法

该文简单介绍矢量网络分析仪的工作原理,重点阐述误差修正原理以及与误差修正相关的校准件、校准方法和如何进行校准质量的评估。     

应用于PWM转换器的高性能误差放大器

基于整个环路稳定性的分析,提出一种高性能误差放大器,该电路与芯片外围的反激式应用电路一起完成负反馈调节.基于700V BCD工艺,对该电路的应用芯片进行仿真和流片.测试结果表明,该电路产生的动态阻抗为18Ω,PWM增益为-25.3%/mA,满足工程应用要求,实现系统稳定输出.     

基于随机变换的大容量隐藏算法

主要研究利用图像低位平面数据位的运算来减小对载密图像修改的信息隐藏算法.在嵌入信息时对秘密信息进行连续多次随机变换的同时与载体信息进行位运算,以此求出对载体图像修改量最小的嵌入方式.从而实现在相同嵌入量的条件下尽量减少对载体图像的修改,提高了载密图像的质量.实验结果表明,该算法能有效地减少载体图像的失真,在嵌入大量信息...